Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. This is because most of the power (financial and. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. %PDF-1.5 Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world.
PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. INTERNAL COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Some of the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria are the diversity of the nation and the desire for political, cultural and social identity of a people of over 250 ethnic groups, several languages, diversities and a lot of political traditions; the desire for some form of Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development:
This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. by the federal or any state government. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria.
Each state has the same level of self-governance. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. It is our pleasure.
PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, /Length 3884 Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). /Resources << 2023, Bscholarly LLC. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. >> Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. /Length 14727
Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia You are already subscribed to our newsletter! . However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts .
Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions.
Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. /Subtype /Image Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government.
PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). 7 Topics . Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. % 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions.
Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Pls visit us again dear reader.
PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. What is federalism? On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. Adobe d C Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. /F7 24 0 R But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T.
(PDF) Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: An Analysis of - ResearchGate The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. 4 Topics . There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable.
PDF Department Of Economics University Of Ilorin | freewebmasterhelp Payment Details. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Email Address. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. Again, in 1967 twelve states were created to appease the interest of those clamoring for states and weaken the geo-political holds of Biafra. Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. >> In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity.
Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. It also decided that the Public . Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities.
Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization Your email address will not be published. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system.